Miné Ōkubo
Artist Miné Ōkubo created more than 2,000 sketches while incarcerated during World War II. Her memoir, Citizen 13660, became one of the most important firsthand accounts of the Japanese American incarceration.
Arts & Culture
Stanley Hayami
Incarcerated at sixteen and killed in combat at nineteen, Stanley Hayami left behind a diary that speaks with rare honesty from behind barbed wire and war.
Chiura Obata
Passionate to teach art, Chiura Obata turned an incarceration camp into an art school.
Toyo Miyatake
When cameras were banned in the camps, Toyo Miyatake built one himself. His secret photos of Manzanar became powerful evidence of Japanese American incarceration and resilience.
Manzanar Baseball Project
Behind barbed wire, baseball gave Japanese Americans strength, pride, and unity. The Manzanar Baseball Project honors the game that helped them endure injustice and rebuild community.
MacArthur Hirohito Photo
In September 1945, General Douglas MacArthur met Emperor Hirohito in a moment that would define Japan’s future. The decision that followed was not driven by emotion alone, but by careful judgment, cultural understanding, and the belief that stability mattered more than vengeance.
Mineta-Simpson Institute
Norman Mineta and Alan Simpson met as boys during World War II, one inside, the other outside the incarceration camp. Their lifelong friendship inspired the Mineta-Simpson Institute, which promotes civics education and the lessons of tolerance born from that history.
Sessue Hayakawa
Long before Hollywood celebrated diversity, Sessue Hayakawa became one of its first international stars. A silent film icon and Oscar nominee, he broke barriers while navigating a system that never fully accepted him.