{"id":6861,"date":"2026-01-09T05:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T12:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/?p=6861"},"modified":"2026-01-10T20:15:17","modified_gmt":"2026-01-11T03:15:17","slug":"mamie-tape","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/mamie-tape\/","title":{"rendered":"Mamie Tape"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6861\" class=\"elementor elementor-6861\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53d7093c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"53d7093c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3deaf175 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3deaf175\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Citizenship was allowed. Education wasn\u2019t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2da0bdf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2da0bdf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">January 9, 1885: The California Supreme Court ruled that denying Mamie Tape admission to public school violated the Fourteenth Amendment.\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fcaac09 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7fcaac09\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c936863 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4c936863\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e2d3751 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e2d3751\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">In 1884, Mamie Tape was turned away from the Spring Valley School in San Francisco. The reason was not capacity. It was not geography. It was not conduct. It was ancestry.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Mamie had been born in the United States. Her parents paid taxes. The school was public. But Chinese children were not welcome. Her parents refused to accept that answer.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The case that followed, <i>Tape v. Hurley<\/i> (1885), reached the California Supreme Court. It found that excluding Mamie from public school solely because she was Chinese violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The ruling was clear. Public education could not be denied on the basis of race. It was a rare moment in nineteenth-century America when the law aligned with justice. It did not last.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fa11f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fa11f7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50d79811 bdt-navigation-type-both bdt-item-match-height--yes bdt-carousel-style-carousel elementor-widget elementor-widget-bdt-static-carousel\" data-id=\"50d79811\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"bdt-static-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bdt-static-carousel-50d79811\" class=\"bdt-arrows-dots-align-center bdt-static-carousel\" data-settings=\"{&quot;autoplay&quot;:{&quot;delay&quot;:5000,&quot;disableOnInteraction&quot;:false},&quot;loop&quot;:true,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;carousel&quot;,&quot;breakpoints&quot;:{&quot;767&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:2,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:0,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1},&quot;1023&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:35,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}},&quot;navigation&quot;:{&quot;nextEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-50d79811 .bdt-navigation-next&quot;,&quot;prevEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-50d79811 .bdt-navigation-prev&quot;},&quot;pagination&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-50d79811 .swiper-pagination&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;clickable&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;dynamicBullets&quot;:false},&quot;scrollbar&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-50d79811 .swiper-scrollbar&quot;,&quot;hide&quot;:&quot;true&quot;},&quot;coverflowEffect&quot;:{&quot;rotate&quot;:50,&quot;stretch&quot;:0,&quot;depth&quot;:100,&quot;modifier&quot;:1,&quot;slideShadows&quot;:true}}\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Static Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                    \n                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-item swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image\">\n\n            <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"The Tape Family\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape_family-Joseph-Emily-Mamie-Frank-Mary-c1884-85_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-content\">\n                                                                                            <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-text\">\n                <p>Mamie Tape (center) stands with her parents and siblings in San Francisco, shortly before her exclusion from public school led to Tape v. Hurley (1885).<\/p>            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore-wrap\">\n                <a class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore \" href=\"#\">\n                                                        <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-item swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image\">\n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Spring Valley Grammar School\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Spring-Valley-Grammer-School-1451-Jackson-Street-post-1910_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-content\">\n                                                                                            <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-text\">\n                <p>Spring Valley Grammar School, San Francisco. Located at 1451 Jackson Street, this was the public school Mamie Tape was denied admission to in 1884. <\/p>            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore-wrap\">\n                <a class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore \" href=\"#\">\n                                                        <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-position-z-index bdt-position-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-arrows-dots-container bdt-slidenav-container \">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-visible@m\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-navigation-prev bdt-slidenav-previous bdt-icon bdt-slidenav\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ep-icon-arrow-left-0\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-visible@m\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-navigation-next bdt-slidenav-next bdt-icon bdt-slidenav\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ep-icon-arrow-right-0\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-position-z-index bdt-position-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-dots-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4edce9de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4edce9de\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71c1d498 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71c1d498\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ecfb34 bdt-navigation-type-both bdt-item-match-height--yes bdt-carousel-style-carousel elementor-widget elementor-widget-bdt-static-carousel\" data-id=\"41ecfb34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"bdt-static-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bdt-static-carousel-41ecfb34\" class=\"bdt-arrows-dots-align-center bdt-static-carousel\" data-settings=\"{&quot;autoplay&quot;:{&quot;delay&quot;:5000,&quot;disableOnInteraction&quot;:false},&quot;loop&quot;:true,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;carousel&quot;,&quot;breakpoints&quot;:{&quot;767&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:2,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:0,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1},&quot;1023&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:35,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}},&quot;navigation&quot;:{&quot;nextEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-41ecfb34 .bdt-navigation-next&quot;,&quot;prevEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-41ecfb34 .bdt-navigation-prev&quot;},&quot;pagination&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-41ecfb34 .swiper-pagination&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;clickable&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;dynamicBullets&quot;:false},&quot;scrollbar&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-41ecfb34 .swiper-scrollbar&quot;,&quot;hide&quot;:&quot;true&quot;},&quot;coverflowEffect&quot;:{&quot;rotate&quot;:50,&quot;stretch&quot;:0,&quot;depth&quot;:100,&quot;modifier&quot;:1,&quot;slideShadows&quot;:true}}\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Static Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                    \n                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-item swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image\">\n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Chinese Primary School\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chinese_Primary_School_916_Clay_Street_San_Francisco_cropped_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-content\">\n                                                                                            <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-text\">\n                <p>Chinese Primary School, San Francisco. Established after Tape v. Hurley (1885), this segregated school was created to keep Chinese children out of white public schools. <\/p>            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore-wrap\">\n                <a class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore \" href=\"#\">\n                                                        <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-item swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image\">\n\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Oriental School\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oriental-Public-School-building-in-rubbles-from-earthquake-c1906-Marilyn-Blaisdell-Collection_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-content\">\n                                        <h4                class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-sub-title\">\n                Credit Marilyn Blaisdell Collection            <\/h4>\n                                                                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-text\">\n                <p>The city later renamed the existing \u201cChinese Primary School\u201d to \u201cOriental Public School,\u201d lumping Japanese and Korean children in with Chinese students.<\/p>            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore-wrap\">\n                <a class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore \" href=\"#\">\n                                                        <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-position-z-index bdt-position-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-arrows-dots-container bdt-slidenav-container \">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-visible@m\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-navigation-prev bdt-slidenav-previous bdt-icon bdt-slidenav\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ep-icon-arrow-left-0\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-visible@m\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-navigation-next bdt-slidenav-next bdt-icon bdt-slidenav\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ep-icon-arrow-right-0\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-position-z-index bdt-position-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-dots-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-460e5a16 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"460e5a16\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2707e85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2707e85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"p1\"><b>California\u2019s Resistance to Acceptance<\/b><\/h4><p class=\"p1\">Rather than admit Chinese children into existing public schools, San Francisco did something else: It created a separate one.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The city established a segregated Chinese Primary School, later renamed the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/oriental-school\/\">Oriental School<\/a>,\u201d where Chinese, Japanese, and Korean children could be assigned together. Equality was affirmed in court and denied in practice.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The ruling in <i>Tape v. Hurley<\/i> did not lead to desegregation. It led to bureaucracy, and this was not new.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">In 1859, San Francisco opened a publicly funded Chinese School in Chinatown, barring Chinese students from all other public schools. In 1870, the law was amended to quietly remove the requirement that Chinese children be educated at all. One year later, funding for the Chinese School was cut. The school closed.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ed50879 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5ed50879\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-620b1fca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"620b1fca\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e8d24d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e8d24d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"p1\"><b>Built on Exclusion<\/b><\/h4><p class=\"p1\">Families were left to figure it out on their own. Some sent their children to church schools. Others hired private tutors. Many had no options at all.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The refusal to educate Chinese children did not exist in isolation.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Chinese immigration to California began during the Gold Rush of the 1840s. As Chinese labor became essential to mining, agriculture, and railroads, hostility followed. Chinese workers were excluded from white-dominated unions and blamed for economic instability. Violence escalated into riots, expulsions, and lynchings.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The Page Act of 1875 effectively barred Chinese women from entering the United States. In 1882, the <a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/chinese-exclusion-act\/\">Chinese Exclusion Act<\/a> banned immigration from China and barred naturalization. Both major political parties supported it.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efbf3cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"efbf3cf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db37b67 bdt-navigation-type-both bdt-item-match-height--yes bdt-carousel-style-carousel elementor-widget elementor-widget-bdt-static-carousel\" data-id=\"db37b67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"bdt-static-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bdt-static-carousel-db37b67\" class=\"bdt-arrows-dots-align-center bdt-static-carousel\" data-settings=\"{&quot;autoplay&quot;:{&quot;delay&quot;:5000,&quot;disableOnInteraction&quot;:false},&quot;loop&quot;:true,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;carousel&quot;,&quot;breakpoints&quot;:{&quot;767&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:2,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:0,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1},&quot;1023&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:35,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}},&quot;navigation&quot;:{&quot;nextEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-db37b67 .bdt-navigation-next&quot;,&quot;prevEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-db37b67 .bdt-navigation-prev&quot;},&quot;pagination&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-db37b67 .swiper-pagination&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;clickable&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;dynamicBullets&quot;:false},&quot;scrollbar&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-db37b67 .swiper-scrollbar&quot;,&quot;hide&quot;:&quot;true&quot;},&quot;coverflowEffect&quot;:{&quot;rotate&quot;:50,&quot;stretch&quot;:0,&quot;depth&quot;:100,&quot;modifier&quot;:1,&quot;slideShadows&quot;:true}}\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Static Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                    \n                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-item swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image\">\n\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Chinese Must Go\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/The_Chinese_Must_Go_-_Mayor_Weisbach_poster-1885_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-content\">\n                                                                                            <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-text\">\n                <p>Public calls for exclusion and removal were common in California at the same time courts were ruling that Chinese Americans were entitled to equal protection under the law.<\/p>            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore-wrap\">\n                <a class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore \" href=\"#\">\n                                                        <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-item swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image\">\n\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Chinese Exclusion\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Chinese-Exclusion-Act-Announcement-Poster_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-content\">\n                                        <h4                class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-sub-title\">\n                Credit Royal BC Museum            <\/h4>\n                                                                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-text\">\n                <p>An anti-Chinese poster announcing the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act, May 6, 1882<\/p>            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore-wrap\">\n                <a class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore \" href=\"#\">\n                                                        <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-position-z-index bdt-position-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-arrows-dots-container bdt-slidenav-container \">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-visible@m\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-navigation-prev bdt-slidenav-previous bdt-icon bdt-slidenav\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ep-icon-arrow-left-0\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-visible@m\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-navigation-next bdt-slidenav-next bdt-icon bdt-slidenav\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"ep-icon-arrow-right-0\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-position-z-index bdt-position-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-dots-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19322f4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"19322f4c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2632e805 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2632e805\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54fecdf2 bdt-navigation-type-none bdt-item-match-height--yes bdt-carousel-style-carousel elementor-widget elementor-widget-bdt-static-carousel\" data-id=\"54fecdf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"bdt-static-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bdt-static-carousel-54fecdf2\" data-settings=\"{&quot;autoplay&quot;:{&quot;delay&quot;:5000,&quot;disableOnInteraction&quot;:false},&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;carousel&quot;,&quot;breakpoints&quot;:{&quot;767&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:2,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:0,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1},&quot;1023&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:35,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}},&quot;navigation&quot;:{&quot;nextEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-54fecdf2 .bdt-navigation-next&quot;,&quot;prevEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-54fecdf2 .bdt-navigation-prev&quot;},&quot;pagination&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-54fecdf2 .swiper-pagination&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;clickable&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;dynamicBullets&quot;:false},&quot;scrollbar&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-54fecdf2 .swiper-scrollbar&quot;,&quot;hide&quot;:&quot;true&quot;},&quot;coverflowEffect&quot;:{&quot;rotate&quot;:50,&quot;stretch&quot;:0,&quot;depth&quot;:100,&quot;modifier&quot;:1,&quot;slideShadows&quot;:true}}\" class=\"bdt-static-carousel\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Static Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                    \n                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-item swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image\">\n\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Mary Tape\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Mary-Tape-courtesy-of-Alisa-J-Kim_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-content\">\n                                        <h4                class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-sub-title\">\n                Courtesy of Alisa J. Kim            <\/h4>\n                                                                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-text\">\n                <p>Mary Tape taught herself enough English to challenge the state. When the courts ruled in her daughter\u2019s favor and segregation followed, she put the injustice in writing.<\/p>            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore-wrap\">\n                <a class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore \" href=\"#\">\n                                                        <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d510ea9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7d510ea9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fdc3ef7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fdc3ef7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"p1\"><b>Mary Tape\u2019s Letter<\/b><\/h4><p class=\"p1\">By 1885, Chinese people were legally present in the United States but structurally unwelcome. Mamie Tape\u2019s exclusion was not an exception. It was policy.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">After San Francisco created the segregated school, Mamie\u2019s mother, Mary Tape, wrote a letter that still resonates today. She asked why her American-born child was being treated as a foreigner in her own neighborhood school.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The law had spoken. The state had ignored it.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The Chinese Exclusion laws would not be repealed until 1943, and even then only symbolically. A quota of 105 immigrants per year replaced outright bans. True immigration reform would not come until 1965.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-228594a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"228594a4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-533b94 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"533b94\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a22d4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a22d4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"p1\"><strong>Trying To Open The Door<\/strong><\/h4><p class=\"p1\">Mamie Tape lived her life knowing that her family was right, and that the system refused to listen.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><i>Tape v. Hurley<\/i> is often cited as a civil rights victory. It was, but it was also a warning. The distance between equality under the law and equality in practice has always been where injustice lives.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">For Mamie Tape, that distance began at a schoolhouse door.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2946ebf0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2946ebf0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e8fd99b bdt-navigation-type-none bdt-item-match-height--yes bdt-carousel-style-carousel elementor-widget elementor-widget-bdt-static-carousel\" data-id=\"2e8fd99b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"bdt-static-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bdt-static-carousel-2e8fd99b\" data-settings=\"{&quot;autoplay&quot;:{&quot;delay&quot;:5000,&quot;disableOnInteraction&quot;:false},&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;carousel&quot;,&quot;breakpoints&quot;:{&quot;767&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:2,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:0,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1},&quot;1023&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:35,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}},&quot;navigation&quot;:{&quot;nextEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-2e8fd99b .bdt-navigation-next&quot;,&quot;prevEl&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-2e8fd99b .bdt-navigation-prev&quot;},&quot;pagination&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-2e8fd99b .swiper-pagination&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;clickable&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;dynamicBullets&quot;:false},&quot;scrollbar&quot;:{&quot;el&quot;:&quot;#bdt-static-carousel-2e8fd99b .swiper-scrollbar&quot;,&quot;hide&quot;:&quot;true&quot;},&quot;coverflowEffect&quot;:{&quot;rotate&quot;:50,&quot;stretch&quot;:0,&quot;depth&quot;:100,&quot;modifier&quot;:1,&quot;slideShadows&quot;:true}}\" class=\"bdt-static-carousel\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Static Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                    \n                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-item swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"bdt-flex bdt-ep-static-carousel-image\">\n\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Mamie Tape and siblings\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tape-siblings-Emily-Mamie-Frank-c1884-85_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-content\">\n                                                                                            <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-text\">\n                <p>Mamie Tape (center) and her siblings, c1884\u201385. Her case exposed the distance between American ideals and practice.<\/p>            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore-wrap\">\n                <a class=\"bdt-ep-static-carousel-readmore \" href=\"#\">\n                                                        <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e89d406 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e89d406\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cb6e37e elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-share-buttons--color-custom elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"1cb6e37e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256c0 123.78 90.69 226.38 209.25 245V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.28c-30.8 0-40.41 19.12-40.41 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V501C413.31 482.38 504 379.78 504 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-linkedin\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49733cde elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"49733cde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Share this article<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On January 9, 1885, the California Supreme Court ruled that denying Mamie Tape admission to public school because she was Chinese violated the Fourteenth Amendment. The law was clear. California\u2019s response was not.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6862,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[20,275,88,248,246,332,237,32,303,333],"class_list":["post-6861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-aapi-history","tag-california","tag-chinese-exclusion-act","tag-civil-rights-activism","tag-law-justice","tag-mamie-tape","tag-oriental-school","tag-quiet-americans","tag-supreme-court","tag-tape-v-hurley"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6861"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6906,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6861\/revisions\/6906"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}