{"id":3260,"date":"2025-08-10T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/?p=3260"},"modified":"2025-12-20T22:34:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-21T05:34:03","slug":"civil-liberties-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/civil-liberties-act\/","title":{"rendered":"Civil Liberties Act of 1988"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3260\" class=\"elementor elementor-3260\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31ea9947 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"31ea9947\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d24f87f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d24f87f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">It took the United States 46 years to right a grave wrong.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17de97db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17de97db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">August 10, 1988: President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act, issuing a formal apology to Japanese Americans who had been unjustly incarcerated during WWII.\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-657fa99f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"657fa99f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39f0b5a8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39f0b5a8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c0a89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c0a89d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Between 1942 and 1945, the U.S. government <a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/executive-order-9066\/\">forcibly removed and imprisoned over 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry<\/a> \u2014 two-thirds of them U.S. citizens \u2014 in what it called \u201cWar Relocation Centers.\u201d<\/p><p class=\"p1\">They were labeled enemy aliens, stripped of their homes, businesses, and rights, and confined behind barbed wire in remote camps. The government claimed it was for \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/dewitt-final-report\/\">military necessity.<\/a>\u201d In truth, it was fueled by fear, prejudice, and wartime hysteria.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">For decades, Japanese Americans endured this injustice in silence \u2014 guided by gaman (endurance) and wary of public backlash.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">That began to change in the 1970s and 1980s, when activists, survivors, and allies pushed for a federal investigation. The <a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/cwric-hearings\/\">Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC)<\/a> held public hearings in 1981, where survivors broke decades of silence to tell their stories.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5229c208 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5229c208\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5795662 elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"5795662\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Exclusion Order&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;2f4b4c8&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Barbed Wire&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;04ea8f1&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;CWRIC&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;5ef8612&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51bcba78 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"51bcba78\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15986435 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"15986435\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/executive-order-9066\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-851\" alt=\"Civilian Exclusion Order No.5, photo by Dorothea Lange, 1942\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/dorothea-lange-exclusion-order_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Civilian Exclusion Order No.5, photo by Dorothea Lange, 1942<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734a2b60 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"734a2b60\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-147edb5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"147edb5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2070\" alt=\"A guard stands next to a family visiting through a barbed wire fence, Heart Mountain, Wyoming, credit Densho\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">A guard stands next to a family visiting through a barbed wire fence, Heart Mountain, Wyoming, credit Densho<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"3\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-604bf9b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"604bf9b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0e30b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5e0e30b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/cwric-hearings\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3186\" alt=\"CDWIC Hearings in Los Angeles, California, credit Roy Nakano\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CWRIC-Hearing-Los-Angeles-Roy-Nakano-1981_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Hundreds packed into the federal building for the first day of the CWRIC Hearings. Many Japanese Americans were speaking publicly for the first time about their incarceration during WWII.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" 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elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"f318412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Martha Okamoto&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;2f4b4c8&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;777b29d&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Alan Simpson&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;f659440&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27719729 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27719729\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dc5f4de elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1dc5f4de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/cwric-hearings\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3219\" alt=\"Martha Okamoto gave an emotional testimony about her brother, Shoichi James Okamoto, who was mercilessly shot and killed by a military guard at Tule Lake in 1944, Los Angeles, 1981\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Martha-Okamoto-Los-Angeles-1981-NCRR-Archives_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Martha Okamoto gave an emotional testimony about her brother, Shoichi James Okamoto, who was mercilessly shot and killed by a military guard at Tule Lake in 1944<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14040c78 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14040c78\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a458ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4a458ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/aiko-herzig-yoshinaga\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3205\" alt=\"Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga, whose tireless research uncovered government misconduct, listening during the 1981 CWRIC Hearings in Washington, D.C. Photo: Densho \/ NCRR Archives\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Aiko-Herzig-Yoshinaga-CDWIC-Hearings-Washington-DC_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga (right), whose tireless research uncovered government misconduct, listening during the 1981 CWRIC Hearings in Washington, D.C.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"3\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dbdbb4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6dbdbb4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e697b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2e697b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/mineta-simpson-institute\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3019\" alt=\"Alan Simpson and President Ronald Reagan, Credit Ronald Reagan Library\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Alan-Simpson-and-Ronald-Reagan_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Senator Alan Simpson influenced his friend President Reagan to sign the Civil Liberties Act of 1988<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cb83349 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7cb83349\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a6377c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a6377c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Their testimony \u2014 raw, emotional, and undeniable \u2014 was supported by key archival discoveries, including <a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/aiko-herzig-yoshinaga\/\">Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga\u2019s finding<\/a> of a suppressed government report that admitted there was no military necessity for the incarceration.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Earlier in his presidency, Reagan had opposed the idea of reparations, with advisers urging him to veto the bill because of its $1.25 billion cost.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">But two things changed his mind.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">First, his longtime friend Senator Alan Simpson reminded him of their shared history with <a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/norman-mineta\/\">Norman Mineta<\/a> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/mineta-simpson-institute\/\">Simpson as a Wyoming boy who visited Mineta in the Heart Mountain camp<\/a> \u2014 and vouched for the injustice Japanese Americans endured.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53bf6b77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"53bf6b77\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bce38e3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5bce38e3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b1821fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b1821fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Second, Reagan was reminded of a story he had once told publicly in 1983: the story of Kazuo Masuda, <a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/442nd-regimental-combat-team\/\">a Japanese American soldier<\/a> killed in WWII whose family was denied burial in their hometown. In that speech, Reagan had praised Masuda\u2019s patriotism and condemned the prejudice against him. Vetoing the bill after making that speech would have been morally and politically inconsistent.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">When Reagan finally did sign the bill, he acknowledged the moral weight of the moment:<\/p><p class=\"p1\">\u201c\u2026what is most important in this bill has less to do with property than with honor. We gather here today to right a grave wrong.\u201d<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-540be60a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"540be60a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c87b34 elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"23c87b34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Kazuo Masuda ceremony&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;2f4b4c8&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Reagan signing&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;777b29d&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cd1375d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4cd1375d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-128519c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"128519c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/442nd-regimental-combat-team\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2826\" alt=\"Kazuo Masuda\u2019s sister accepting his posthumous medal from General Joseph Stilwell \u2014 Kazuo died protecting two fellow soldiers in Italy.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/General-Joseph-Stillwell-Mary-Masao-Gensuke-Tamae-Masuda_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Kazuo Masuda\u2019s sister, Mary, accepting his posthumous medal from General Joseph Stilwell. \nKazuo died protecting two fellow soldiers in Italy.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b74c90d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b74c90d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e75619d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4e75619d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3293\" alt=\"President Reagan signing the Civil Liberties Act of 1988\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/President-Reagan-signing-Civil-Liberties-Act-of-1988_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Surrounded by survivors and advocates, President Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act \u2014 an apology 46 years in the making.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e518262 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e518262\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ef62833 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ef62833\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-483392ff elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"483392ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;funeral at Manzanar&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;f8277ae&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;442nd graveyard&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;2f4b4c8&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;105 year old issei&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;bc8061b&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bad2ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bad2ce\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d66640b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d66640b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1549\" alt=\"Funeral for James Ito and Jim Kanagawa, both shot and killed by soldiers at Manzanar, December 21, 1942, credit Nagatomi Family Collection\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Funeral-for-James-Ito-and-Jim-Kanagawa-Manzanar-December-21-1942_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Funeral for James Ito and Jim Kanagawa, the two young men killed by military police during the Manzanar Riot, held inside the camp on December 21, 1942.\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b152681 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b152681\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11a537e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11a537e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/442nd-regimental-combat-team\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-813\" alt=\"Nisei soldiers paying their respects to a fallen comrade, 1945\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paying-Respects-Epinal-France-1945_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Nisei soldiers paying their respects to a fallen comrade, Epinal, France, 1945<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"3\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3c0a44 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b3c0a44\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7dafaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e7dafaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3300\" alt=\"A 105-year-old Issei man receives his redress check under the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. Seattle, October 1990\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/US-Assistant-Deputy-Attorney-redress-check-to-Issei-man-Seattle-Oct-1990_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Nearly half a century after his incarceration, this 105-year-old survivor finally received a formal apology and $20,000 in redress.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16c0a559 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"16c0a559\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f3b9105 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f3b9105\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">For many survivors, the apology and $20,000 came too late to fully undo the damage. But its significance mattered \u2014 proof that persistence, truth, and organized action could move even the highest levels of government.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Many passed away before receiving it. But for those who lived to see it, it was a moment of vindication after decades of silence.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The Act wasn\u2019t just about money. It provided validation \u2014 an acknowledgment that what happened was wrong, and that those wrongs must be remembered so they are never to be repeated.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Justice was delayed. 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Decades of activism, testimony, and community pressure made this historic act possible \u2014 and its impact continues to shape conversations about justice today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3261,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[73,31,248,6,82,246,253,32,184,189,245,15],"class_list":["post-3260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-civil-liberties","tag-civil-rights","tag-civil-rights-activism","tag-japanese-american-history","tag-jimmy-carter","tag-law-justice","tag-politicians-leaders","tag-quiet-americans","tag-redress-movement","tag-ronald-reagan","tag-wartime-incarceration","tag-wwii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3260"}],"version-history":[{"count":49,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5572,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3260\/revisions\/5572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}