{"id":2056,"date":"2025-06-18T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/?p=2056"},"modified":"2025-11-06T15:17:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T22:17:29","slug":"heart-mountain-draft-resisters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters\/","title":{"rendered":"Heart Mountain Draft Resisters"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2056\" class=\"elementor elementor-2056\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-181d26a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"181d26a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56e81d07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56e81d07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>They refused to fight for a country that refused their rights. <\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ae61a22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4ae61a22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">June 18, 1944: Sixty-three Japanese American men were convicted in the largest draft resistance trial of World War II, in Wyoming\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8dd5bf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e8dd5bf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33ab12e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33ab12e7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f61fb65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f61fb65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">They weren\u2019t draft dodgers.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">In fact, many of them were willing to fight \u2014 but not without their freedom and justice. These young men were incarcerated at Heart Mountain, Wyoming, one of ten War Relocation Authority (WRA) camps built to detain Japanese Americans. Their crime? They refused to comply with a draft order issued while they were behind barbed wire.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">They were U.S. citizens. They were American-born. But their families had been stripped of homes, jobs, property, and dignity.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Now, the government wanted them to serve in the military \u2014 for freedom they themselves had been denied.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-536df113 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"536df113\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19221e51 elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"19221e51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Heart Mountain camp&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;2f4b4c8&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Guard&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;04ea8f1&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-122bb5c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"122bb5c3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dee9d2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2dee9d2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2068\" alt=\"Looking west of F Street with Heart Mountain looming in the background, 1942. Photo by Tom Parker, credit The Bankroft Library, University of California, Berkeley\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heart-Mountan-Relocation-Centre_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Looking west of F Street with Heart Mountain looming in the background, 1942. Photo by Tom Parker, credit The Bankroft Library, University of California, Berkeley<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14f872c8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14f872c8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ec34665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ec34665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2070\" alt=\"A guard stands next to a family visiting through a barbed wire fence, Heart Mountain, Wyoming, credit Densho\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Guard-with-Japanese-American-visiting-family-Heart-Mountain_1080x1080-1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">A guard stands next to a family visiting through a barbed wire fence, Heart Mountain, Wyoming, credit Densho<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aa9a27f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2aa9a27f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-497d1cb6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"497d1cb6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-746bc326 elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"746bc326\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Cheyenne court room&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;777b29d&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Frank Emi&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;2f4b4c8&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0ffad4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e0ffad4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ed757ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ed757ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2075\" alt=\"63 members of the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee during the first day of the trial in Federal District Court, Cheyenne, Wyoming, 1944, credit Frank Emi\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heart-mountain-draft-resisters-trial-cropped_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">63 members of the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee during the first day of the trial in Federal District Court, Cheyenne, Wyoming, 1944, credit Frank Emi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d6912f8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d6912f8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e908e97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e908e97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2074\" alt=\"Frank Emi, wartime leader of the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee, served eighteen months in federal penitentiary and the rest of his life defending his stance\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Frank-Emi-sitting_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Frank Emi, wartime leader of the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee, served eighteen months in federal penitentiary and the rest of his life defending his stance, credit Frank Emi and JANM<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41923b67 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41923b67\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21914d8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21914d8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">The government called them criminals. In reality, they were demanding justice.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Led in part by the Fair Play Committee, a group organized within the camp, the resisters argued it was unconstitutional to force people to fight while they and their families remained incarcerated. They said: restore our civil rights first, and we will serve.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The military and courts didn\u2019t want to hear it.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">On June 18, 1944, 63 men were convicted of violating the Selective Service Act in a mass trial held in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Each was sentenced to federal prison.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6087d30a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6087d30a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e49fc2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6e49fc2b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14f53333 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14f53333\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">They weren\u2019t alone. Hundreds of other Japanese Americans resisted in smaller numbers at different camps, but the Heart Mountain 63 were the most visible \u2014 and the most vilified.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">They were labeled as traitors. Even some in their own community turned against them.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Yet decades later, their actions would be seen for what they were: a courageous stand for civil rights in the face of injustice.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Many of the men would later be pardoned. Some would speak out. Others stayed silent. But all of them, knowingly or not, helped reshape how we understand patriotism, protest, and the power of saying \u201cno.\u201d<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19fd0302 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"19fd0302\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dead525 elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"3dead525\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Tule Lake Block 42&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;2f4b4c8&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Wally Amioka lead American patrol&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;777b29d&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ff97dda e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ff97dda\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b994fa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1b994fa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2079\" alt=\"The men from Tule Lake WRA Camp Block 42 were illegally arrested at gun point for refusing to register for the controversial draft questionnaire, 1943\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tule_lake_wra_center-block42-1943__1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The men from Tule Lake WRA Camp Block 42 were illegally arrested at gun point for refusing to register for the controversial draft questionnaire, 1943<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e6fc000 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e6fc000\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2988c0f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2988c0f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2080\" alt=\"Heart Mountain resisters pose in prison-issued suits on the day of their release from McNeil Island, July 14, 1946, credit Yosh Kuromiya\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/heard-mountain-resisters-july-14-1946_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Heart Mountain resisters pose in prison-issued suits on the day of their release from McNeil Island, July 14, 1946, credit Yosh Kuromiya<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e46c8f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6e46c8f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-767d459 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"767d459\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-614714b2 elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"614714b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Free to Die&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;2f4b4c8&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Conscience&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;777b29d&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Heart Mountain&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;25cf476&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21c7b46f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21c7b46f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11199d32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11199d32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eric-muller.net\/home\/free-to-die-for-their-country\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2084\" alt=\"\u201cFree to Die for Their Country \u2013 The Story of the Japanese American Draft Resisters in World War II,\u201d by Eric L. Muller\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Free-to-Die-for-Their-Country-Eric-Muller_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u201cFree to Die for Their Country \u2013 The Story of the Japanese American Draft Resisters in World War II,\u201d by Eric L. Muller<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b15f61d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b15f61d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1768df77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1768df77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/resisters.com\/conscience-and-the-constitution\/about-the-film\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2085\" alt=\"\u201cConscience and the Constitution,\u201d a documentary written, produced, and directed by Frank Abe\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Conscience-and-the-Constitution_1080x1080.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u201cConscience and the Constitution,\u201d a documentary written, produced, and directed by Frank Abe<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"3\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbfa2b3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cbfa2b3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67e033b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"67e033b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.heartmountain.org\/collections-archives\/draft-resisters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2086\" alt=\"Heart Mountain World War II Japanese American Confinement Site\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/HMWFwide-bwborder_logo_1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Heart Mountain World War II Japanese American Confinement Site<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg 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class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eric-muller.net\/home\/free-to-die-for-their-country\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Free to Die for Their Country <\/em><\/a>by Eric L. Muller<\/li><li class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/resisters.com\/conscience-and-the-constitution\/about-the-film\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Conscience and the Constitution<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><li class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heartmountain.org\/collections-archives\/draft-resisters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heart Mountain Interpretive Center<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f70bebc e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1f70bebc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f653dea elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-share-buttons--color-custom elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"1f653dea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256c0 123.78 90.69 226.38 209.25 245V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.28c-30.8 0-40.41 19.12-40.41 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V501C413.31 482.38 504 379.78 504 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-linkedin\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17b88660 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17b88660\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Share this article<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>They were labeled traitors for refusing the draft. But these 63 Japanese American incarcerees at Heart Mountain were standing up for the Constitution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2057,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[20,248,131,51,6,246,10,132,245,15],"class_list":["post-2056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-aapi-history","tag-civil-rights-activism","tag-draft-resisters","tag-heart-mountain","tag-japanese-american-history","tag-law-justice","tag-racial-injustice","tag-selective-service","tag-wartime-incarceration","tag-wwii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2056"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4634,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2056\/revisions\/4634"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quietamericans.com\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}